Trabalhando com cookies
Um cookie é um pequeno pedaço de dado enviado de um site e armazenado no seu computador. Os cookies são usados principalmente para reconhecer o usuário e carregar as informações armazenadas.
A API WebDriver fornece uma maneira de interagir com cookies com métodos integrados:
Add Cookie
É usado para adicionar um cookie ao contexto de navegação atual. Add Cookie aceita apenas um conjunto de objetos JSON serializáveis definidos. Aqui é o link para a lista de valores-chave JSON aceitos.
Em primeiro lugar, você precisa estar no domínio para qual o cookie será valido. Se você está tentando predefinir cookies antes de começar a interagir com um site e sua página inicial é grande / demora um pouco para carregar uma alternativa é encontrar uma página menor no site (normalmente a página 404 é pequena, por exemplo http://example.com/some404page)
driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/blank.html");
// Add cookie into current browser context
driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie("key", "value"));from selenium import webdriver
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("http://www.example.com")
# Adds the cookie into current browser context
driver.add_cookie({"name": "key", "value": "value"})
driver.Url="https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/blank.html";
// Add cookie into current browser context
driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie("key", "value"));require 'selenium-webdriver'
driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome
begin
driver.get 'https://www.example.com'
# Adds the cookie into current browser context
driver.manage.add_cookie(name: "key", value: "value")
ensure
driver.quit
end
await driver.manage().addCookie({ name: 'key', value: 'value' });import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver
fun main() {
val driver = ChromeDriver()
try {
driver.get("https://example.com")
// Adds the cookie into current browser context
driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie("key", "value"))
} finally {
driver.quit()
}
}
Get Named Cookie
Retorna os dados do cookie serializado correspondentes ao nome do cookie entre todos os cookies associados.
driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/blank.html");
// Add cookie into current browser context
driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie("foo", "bar"));
// Get cookie details with named cookie 'foo'
Cookie cookie = driver.manage().getCookieNamed("foo");from selenium import webdriver
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
# Navigate to url
driver.get("http://www.example.com")
# Adds the cookie into current browser context
driver.add_cookie({"name": "foo", "value": "bar"})
# Get cookie details with named cookie 'foo'
print(driver.get_cookie("foo"))
driver.Url = "https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/blank.html";
// Add cookie into current browser context
driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie("foo", "bar"));
// Get cookie details with named cookie 'foo'
Cookie cookie = driver.Manage().Cookies.GetCookieNamed("foo");require 'selenium-webdriver'
driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome
begin
driver.get 'https://www.example.com'
driver.manage.add_cookie(name: "foo", value: "bar")
# Get cookie details with named cookie 'foo'
puts driver.manage.cookie_named('foo')
ensure
driver.quit
end
// Get cookie details with named cookie 'foo'
await driver.manage().getCookie('foo').then(function(cookie) {
console.log('cookie details => ', cookie);
});import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver
fun main() {
val driver = ChromeDriver()
try {
driver.get("https://example.com")
driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie("foo", "bar"))
// Get cookie details with named cookie 'foo'
val cookie = driver.manage().getCookieNamed("foo")
println(cookie)
} finally {
driver.quit()
}
}
Get All Cookies
Retorna ‘dados de cookie serializados com sucesso’ para o contexto de navegação atual. Se o navegador não estiver mais disponível, ele retornará um erro.
driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/blank.html");
// Add cookies into current browser context
driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie("test1", "cookie1"));
driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie("test2", "cookie2"));
// Get cookies
Set<Cookie> cookies = driver.manage().getCookies();
for (Cookie cookie : cookies) {
if (cookie.getName().equals("test1")) {
Assertions.assertEquals(cookie.getValue(), "cookie1");
}
if (cookie.getName().equals("test2")) {
Assertions.assertEquals(cookie.getValue(), "cookie2");
}
}from selenium import webdriver
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
# Navigate to url
driver.get("http://www.example.com")
driver.add_cookie({"name": "test1", "value": "cookie1"})
driver.add_cookie({"name": "test2", "value": "cookie2"})
# Get all available cookies
print(driver.get_cookies())
driver.Url = "https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/blank.html";
// Add cookies into current browser context
driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie("test1", "cookie1"));
driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie("test2", "cookie2"));
// Get cookies
var cookies = driver.Manage().Cookies.AllCookies;
foreach (var cookie in cookies){
if (cookie.Name.Equals("test1")){
Assert.AreEqual("cookie1", cookie.Value);
}
if (cookie.Name.Equals("test2")){
Assert.AreEqual("cookie2", cookie.Value);
}
}require 'selenium-webdriver'
driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome
begin
driver.get 'https://www.example.com'
driver.manage.add_cookie(name: "test1", value: "cookie1")
driver.manage.add_cookie(name: "test2", value: "cookie2")
# Get all available cookies
puts driver.manage.all_cookies
ensure
driver.quit
end
await driver.manage().getCookies().then(function(cookies) {
console.log('cookie details => ', cookies);
});import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver
fun main() {
val driver = ChromeDriver()
try {
driver.get("https://example.com")
driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie("test1", "cookie1"))
driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie("test2", "cookie2"))
// Get All available cookies
val cookies = driver.manage().cookies
println(cookies)
} finally {
driver.quit()
}
}
Delete Cookie
Exclui os dados do cookie que correspondem ao nome do cookie fornecido.
driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/blank.html");
driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie("test1", "cookie1"));
// delete cookie named
driver.manage().deleteCookieNamed("test1");from selenium import webdriver
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
# Navigate to url
driver.get("http://www.example.com")
driver.add_cookie({"name": "test1", "value": "cookie1"})
driver.add_cookie({"name": "test2", "value": "cookie2"})
# Delete a cookie with name 'test1'
driver.delete_cookie("test1")
driver.Url = "https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/blank.html";
driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie("test1", "cookie1"));
// delete cookie named
driver.Manage().Cookies.DeleteCookieNamed("test1");require 'selenium-webdriver'
driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome
begin
driver.get 'https://www.example.com'
driver.manage.add_cookie(name: "test1", value: "cookie1")
driver.manage.add_cookie(name: "test2", value: "cookie2")
# delete a cookie with name 'test1'
driver.manage.delete_cookie('test1')
ensure
driver.quit
end
// Delete a cookie with name 'test1'
await driver.manage().deleteCookie('test1');import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver
fun main() {
val driver = ChromeDriver()
try {
driver.get("https://example.com")
driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie("test1", "cookie1"))
val cookie1 = Cookie("test2", "cookie2")
driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1)
// delete a cookie with name 'test1'
driver.manage().deleteCookieNamed("test1")
// delete cookie by passing cookie object of current browsing context.
driver.manage().deleteCookie(cookie1)
} finally {
driver.quit()
}
}
Delete All Cookies
Exclui todos os cookies do contexto de navegação atual.
driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/blank.html");
// Add cookies into current browser context
driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie("test1", "cookie1"));
driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie("test2", "cookie2"));
// Delete All cookies
driver.manage().deleteAllCookies();from selenium import webdriver
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
# Navigate to url
driver.get("http://www.example.com")
driver.add_cookie({"name": "test1", "value": "cookie1"})
driver.add_cookie({"name": "test2", "value": "cookie2"})
# Deletes all cookies
driver.delete_all_cookies()
driver.Url = "https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/blank.html";
// Add cookies into current browser context
driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie("test1", "cookie1"));
driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie("test2", "cookie2"));
// Delete All cookies
driver.Manage().Cookies.DeleteAllCookies();require 'selenium-webdriver'
driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome
begin
driver.get 'https://www.example.com'
driver.manage.add_cookie(name: "test1", value: "cookie1")
driver.manage.add_cookie(name: "test2", value: "cookie2")
# deletes all cookies
driver.manage.delete_all_cookies
ensure
driver.quit
end
// Delete all cookies
await driver.manage().deleteAllCookies();import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver
fun main() {
val driver = ChromeDriver()
try {
driver.get("https://example.com")
driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie("test1", "cookie1"))
driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie("test2", "cookie2"))
// deletes all cookies
driver.manage().deleteAllCookies()
} finally {
driver.quit()
}
}
Same-Site Cookie Attribute
Permite que um usuário instrua os navegadores a controlar se os cookies são enviados junto com a solicitação iniciada por sites de terceiros. É usado para evitar ataques CSRF (Cross-Site Request Forgery).
O atributo de cookie Same-Site aceita dois parâmetros como instruções
Strict:
Quando o atributo sameSite é definido como Strict, o cookie não será enviado junto com solicitações iniciadas por sites de terceiros.
Lax:
Quando você define um atributo cookie sameSite como Lax, o cookie será enviado junto com uma solicitação GET iniciada por um site de terceiros.
Nota: a partir de agora, esse recurso está disponível no Chrome (versão 80+), Firefox (versão 79+) e funciona com Selenium 4 e versões posteriores.
import org.openqa.selenium.*;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
public class cookieTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
try {
driver.get("http://www.example.com");
Cookie cookie = new Cookie.Builder("key", "value").sameSite("Strict").build();
Cookie cookie1 = new Cookie.Builder("key", "value").sameSite("Lax").build();
driver.manage().addCookie(cookie);
driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1);
System.out.println(cookie.getSameSite());
System.out.println(cookie1.getSameSite());
} finally {
driver.quit();
}
}
}
from selenium import webdriver
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("http://www.example.com")
# Adds the cookie into current browser context with sameSite 'Strict' (or) 'Lax'
driver.add_cookie({"name": "foo", "value": "value", 'sameSite': 'Strict'})
driver.add_cookie({"name": "foo1", "value": "value", 'sameSite': 'Lax'})
cookie1 = driver.get_cookie('foo')
cookie2 = driver.get_cookie('foo1')
print(cookie1)
print(cookie2)
using OpenQA.Selenium;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;
namespace SameSiteCookie {
class SameSiteCookie {
static void Main(string[] args) {
IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
try {
driver.Navigate().GoToUrl("http://www.example.com");
var cookie1Dictionary = new System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary<string, object>() {
{ "name", "test1" }, { "value", "cookie1" }, { "sameSite", "Strict" } };
var cookie1 = Cookie.FromDictionary(cookie1Dictionary);
var cookie2Dictionary = new System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary<string, object>() {
{ "name", "test2" }, { "value", "cookie2" }, { "sameSite", "Lax" } };
var cookie2 = Cookie.FromDictionary(cookie2Dictionary);
driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(cookie1);
driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(cookie2);
System.Console.WriteLine(cookie1.SameSite);
System.Console.WriteLine(cookie2.SameSite);
} finally {
driver.Quit();
}
}
}
}
require 'selenium-webdriver'
driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome
begin
driver.get 'https://www.example.com'
# Adds the cookie into current browser context with sameSite 'Strict' (or) 'Lax'
driver.manage.add_cookie(name: "foo", value: "bar", same_site: "Strict")
driver.manage.add_cookie(name: "foo1", value: "bar", same_site: "Lax")
puts driver.manage.cookie_named('foo')
puts driver.manage.cookie_named('foo1')
ensure
driver.quit
end
// set a cookie on the current domain with sameSite 'Strict' (or) 'Lax'
await driver.manage().addCookie({ name: 'key', value: 'value', sameSite: 'Strict' });
await driver.manage().addCookie({ name: 'key', value: 'value', sameSite: 'Lax' });import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver
fun main() {
val driver = ChromeDriver()
try {
driver.get("http://www.example.com")
val cookie = Cookie.Builder("key", "value").sameSite("Strict").build()
val cookie1 = Cookie.Builder("key", "value").sameSite("Lax").build()
driver.manage().addCookie(cookie)
driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1)
println(cookie.getSameSite())
println(cookie1.getSameSite())
} finally {
driver.quit()
}
}
